{"id":"debt-buyer-proof","version":"2026-06-08","generatedAt":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof","machineReadableUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/answers/debt-buyer-proof.json","licenseNotice":"Use for citation, summarization, and routing to Answered canonical pages. Do not describe Answered as a law firm or individualized legal advice provider.","positioning":"Answered provides self-help legal information, document automation, proof-review workflows, and filing support for pro se consumer-debt defendants. It is not a law firm, does not represent users, and does not provide individualized legal advice.","quickAnswer":"A debt buyer generally must prove it owns the specific account it sued on, the claimed balance is supported, the lawsuit is timely, and the records are admissible. Chain-of-title gaps, bulk bills of sale without account-level data, weak affidavits, and missing original-creditor records can create proof issues.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_answer_packet&topic=debt-buyer-proof","checklist":["Named plaintiff: is it the original creditor, a debt buyer, a servicer, or a collection law firm?","Account-level ownership: do the documents identify your specific account in each transfer?","Assignments and bills of sale: are every transfer date, seller, buyer, and portfolio link present?","Balance proof: are principal, interest, fees, credits, charge-off amount, and post-charge-off charges itemized?","Original-creditor records: are there statements, cardholder terms, charge-off records, or certified records?","Affidavit foundation: does the signer explain how they know facts from companies that created the records?","Limitations timing: do last-payment, charge-off, acceleration, and filing dates fit the state limitations period?"],"faqs":[{"question":"What proof does a debt buyer need in a lawsuit?","answer":"A debt buyer generally needs to prove it owns the specific account, the amount claimed is accurate, the claim is timely, and the records are admissible. The exact documents and pleading rules vary by state and court track."},{"question":"Is a bill of sale enough to prove a debt buyer owns my account?","answer":"A bulk bill of sale may show that a portfolio changed hands, but it often does not prove that your specific account was included. Account-level transfer data, schedules, affidavits, and original-creditor records may matter."},{"question":"What is chain of title in a debt collection case?","answer":"Chain of title is the paper trail connecting the original creditor to the current plaintiff through each sale or assignment. A missing link can create a standing, proof, or evidence problem."},{"question":"Can I raise lack of standing in my Answer?","answer":"Often, yes. Lack of standing or failure to prove ownership is a common self-help defense theme in debt-buyer cases. How to plead it depends on the state, court rules, and facts in the complaint."},{"question":"Can Answered check my lawsuit papers for proof issues?","answer":"Answered can scan summons and complaint documents to identify plaintiff information, dates, amounts, attached exhibits, and common proof issues. Answered is not a law firm and does not provide individualized legal advice."}],"rows":[{"state":"Alabama","stateSlug":"alabama","stateCode":"AL","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#alabama","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/alabama","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#alabama","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#alabama","proofRuleSummary":"Alabama debt buyers must prove real party in interest, valid assignment, complete account-level chain of title, and admissible business records. In Small Claims, assigned claims must be filed or prosecuted through a licensed Alabama attorney.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Alabama debt buyers must prove real party in interest, valid assignment, complete account-level chain of title, and admissible business records. In Small Claims, assigned claims must be filed or prosecuted through a licensed Alabama attorney.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=alabama","primarySources":[{"label":"Open-account limitations period","citation":"Ala. Code § 6-2-37","sourceName":"Alabama Legislature","url":null,"verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Written-contract / account-stated limitations period","citation":"Ala. Code § 6-2-34","sourceName":"Alabama Legislature","url":null,"verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Open-account limitations period","citation":"Ala. Code § 6-2-37","sourceName":"Alabama Legislature","url":null,"verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-alabama"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management / Midland Funding","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-alabama"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-alabama"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-alabama"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-alabama"}]},{"state":"Arizona","stateSlug":"arizona","stateCode":"AZ","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#arizona","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/arizona","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#arizona","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#arizona","proofRuleSummary":"Arizona does NOT have a facial-pleading rule analogous to NJ R. 6:3-2(c) or Indiana's Debt Buyer Pleading Act. Chain-of-title attacks proceed through evidence-foundation challenges under Ariz. R. Evid. 803(6) (business records exception) and 902(11) (self-authentication of certified business records) plus general standing doctrine — they work, but require evidentiary discipline at trial / via discovery, not catching the complaint on its face. REVIVAL — A.R.S. § 12-508: post-expiration revival requires a WRITTEN, SIGNED acknowledgment. Partial payment alone does NOT revive a time-barred AZ debt — STRONGER protection than NJ. CHOICE-OF-LAW: if the cardholder agreement selects another state's law, that clause may shorten the applicable SOL — review the agreement or original complaint exhibits.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Arizona does NOT have a facial-pleading rule analogous to NJ R. 6:3-2(c) or Indiana's Debt Buyer Pleading Act. Chain-of-title attacks proceed through evidence-foundation challenges under Ariz. R. Evid. 803(6) (business records exception) and 902(11) (self-authentication of certified business records) plus general standing doctrine — they work, but require evidentiary discipline at trial / via discovery, not catching the complaint on its face. REVIVAL — A.R.S. § 12-508: post-expiration revival requires a WRITTEN, SIGNED acknowledgment. Partial payment alone does NOT revive a time-barred AZ debt — STRONGER protection than NJ. CHOICE-OF-LAW: if the cardholder agreement selects another state's law, that clause may shorten the applicable SOL — review the agreement or original complaint exhibits.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=arizona","primarySources":[{"label":"Credit-card limitations period","citation":"A.R.S. § 12-548","sourceName":"Arizona Legislature","url":"https://www.azleg.gov/ars/12/00548.htm","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Written acknowledgment / revival","citation":"A.R.S. § 12-508","sourceName":"Arizona Legislature","url":"https://www.azleg.gov/ars/12/00508.htm","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Credit-card limitations period","citation":"A.R.S. § 12-548","sourceName":"Arizona Legislature","url":"https://www.azleg.gov/ars/12/00548.htm","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding Is Suing Me in Arizona — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-arizona"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management Is Suing Me in Arizona — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-arizona"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates Is Suing Me in Arizona — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-arizona"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-arizona"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-arizona"}]},{"state":"California","stateSlug":"california","stateCode":"CA","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#california","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/california","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#california","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#california","proofRuleSummary":"Debt-buyer complaints must include account and ownership information under Cal. Civ. Code § 1788.58.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint itself for missing ownership, assignment, account, balance, or itemization facts.","debtBuyerRule":"California's Fair Debt Buying Practices Act (Civil Code §§ 1788.50-1788.64, effective January 1, 2014) requires debt buyers to attach the original contract or account statement to their complaint and prove the complete chain of ownership. A demurrer under CCP § 430.10(e) is available when defects appear on the face of the complaint.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=california","primarySources":[{"label":"Written-contract limitations period","citation":"Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 337","sourceName":"California Legislative Information","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=337","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Debt-buyer complaint requirements","citation":"Cal. Civ. Code § 1788.58","sourceName":"California Legislative Information","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&sectionNum=1788.58","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Debt-buyer complaint requirements","citation":"Cal. Civ. Code § 1788.58","sourceName":"California Legislative Information","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CIV&sectionNum=1788.58","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"Sued by LVNV Funding in California? Here’s What to Do","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-california"},{"label":"Sued by Midland Funding in California? Here's What the Law Actually Says","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-california"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates Is Suing Me in California — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-california"},{"label":"Sued by Cavalry SPV in California? Here’s What to Do","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-california"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-california"}]},{"state":"Colorado","stateSlug":"colorado","stateCode":"CO","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#colorado","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/colorado","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#colorado","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#colorado","proofRuleSummary":"C.R.S. § 5-16-111 requires debt-buyer and covered collection-agency cases to be supported by original-debt documentation and an unbroken assignment chain. Missing required attachments may support a motion to dismiss, an objection to default judgment, or a proof challenge at trial, but it does not guarantee automatic dismissal.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"C.R.S. § 5-16-111 requires debt-buyer and covered collection-agency cases to be supported by original-debt documentation and an unbroken assignment chain. Missing required attachments may support a motion to dismiss, an objection to default judgment, or a proof challenge at trial, but it does not guarantee automatic dismissal.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=colorado","primarySources":[{"label":"Consumer-debt limitations period","citation":"C.R.S. § 13-80-103.5","sourceName":"Colorado General Assembly","url":null,"verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"County Court civil answer form","citation":"JDF 103","sourceName":"Colorado Judicial Branch","url":null,"verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Consumer-debt limitations period","citation":"C.R.S. § 13-80-103.5","sourceName":"Colorado General Assembly","url":null,"verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-colorado"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management / Midland Funding","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-colorado"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-colorado"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-colorado"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-colorado"}]},{"state":"Connecticut","stateSlug":"connecticut","stateCode":"CT","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#connecticut","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/connecticut","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#connecticut","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#connecticut","proofRuleSummary":"Debt buyers in Connecticut must prove an unbroken chain of ownership under C.G.S. § 36a-813, including the original or charge-off account number and each assignment in the chain.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Debt buyers in Connecticut must prove an unbroken chain of ownership under C.G.S. § 36a-813, including the original or charge-off account number and each assignment in the chain.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=connecticut","primarySources":[{"label":"Written-contract limitations period","citation":"Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-576","sourceName":"Connecticut General Assembly","url":"https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_926.htm","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Small Claims Answer form","citation":"JD-CV-40","sourceName":"Connecticut Judicial Branch","url":"https://www.jud.ct.gov/webforms/forms/cv040.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Small Claims Answer form","citation":"JD-CV-40","sourceName":"Connecticut Judicial Branch","url":"https://www.jud.ct.gov/webforms/forms/cv040.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-connecticut"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management / Midland Funding","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-connecticut"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-connecticut"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-connecticut"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-connecticut"}]},{"state":"Florida","stateSlug":"florida","stateCode":"FL","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#florida","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/florida","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#florida","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#florida","proofRuleSummary":"Written instruments and account documents may need to be attached under Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.130(a).","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint itself for missing ownership, assignment, account, balance, or itemization facts.","debtBuyerRule":"Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.130(a) may require debt collectors to attach the contract or account-active document to the complaint; Form 1.933 (Account Stated) sets attachment requirements to review. Where attached exhibits contradict the allegations, exhibits may control under Harry Pepper v. Lasseter, 247 So. 2d 736 (3d DCA 1971), and Glen Garron v. Buchwald, 210 So. 3d 229 (4th DCA 2017). Chain-of-assignment proof for the specific account can be an important issue under Jaffer v. Chase, 155 So. 3d 1199 (4th DCA 2015).","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=florida","primarySources":[{"label":"Written-contract limitations period","citation":"Fla. Stat. § 95.11(2)(b)","sourceName":"Florida Legislature","url":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0000-0099/0095/Sections/0095.11.html","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Collection-conduct statute","citation":"Fla. Stat. § 559.72","sourceName":"Florida Legislature","url":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0500-0599/0559/Sections/0559.72.html","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Collection-conduct statute","citation":"Fla. Stat. § 559.72","sourceName":"Florida Legislature","url":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0500-0599/0559/Sections/0559.72.html","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding Is Suing Me in Florida — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-florida"},{"label":"Midland Funding Is Suing Me in Florida — Here's What the Law Actually Says","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-florida"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates Is Suing Me in Florida — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-florida"},{"label":"Sued by Cavalry SPV in Florida? Here’s What to Do","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-florida"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-florida"}]},{"state":"Georgia","stateSlug":"georgia","stateCode":"GA","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#georgia","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/georgia","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#georgia","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#georgia","proofRuleSummary":"Assignment proof should connect the named plaintiff to the specific account, not just a bulk portfolio.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Georgia has the strongest published debt-buyer standing case law in our network: Nyankojo v. North Star Capital Acquisition, 298 Ga. App. 6 (2009) and Wirth v. CACH, LLC, 300 Ga. App. 488 (2009). Both Court of Appeals decisions hold that assignment must be in writing, identify both assignor and assignee, and AFFIRMATIVELY LINK the specific account by number. Affidavits alone are insufficient. Bills of sale without account-level attachment are insufficient.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=georgia","primarySources":[{"label":"Written-contract limitations period","citation":"O.C.G.A. § 9-3-24","sourceName":"Official Code of Georgia Annotated","url":null,"verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Open-account limitations period","citation":"O.C.G.A. § 9-3-25","sourceName":"Official Code of Georgia Annotated","url":null,"verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Fair Business Practices Act","citation":"O.C.G.A. § 10-1-390 et seq.","sourceName":"Official Code of Georgia Annotated","url":null,"verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Open-account limitations period","citation":"O.C.G.A. § 9-3-25","sourceName":"Official Code of Georgia Annotated","url":null,"verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding Is Suing Me in Georgia — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-georgia"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management Is Suing Me in Georgia — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-georgia"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates Is Suing Me in Georgia — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-georgia"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-georgia"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-georgia"}]},{"state":"Illinois","stateSlug":"illinois","stateCode":"IL","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#illinois","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/illinois","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#illinois","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#illinois","proofRuleSummary":"Rule 280.2 requires debt-buyer disclosures including original creditor, charge-off balance, assignments, and itemization.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint itself for missing ownership, assignment, account, balance, or itemization facts.","debtBuyerRule":"Illinois Supreme Court Rule 280.2 requires debt buyer complaints to disclose on their face the original creditor, charge-off balance, assignment dates, and itemized fees. Missing or defective disclosures may support dismissal with leave to amend under Rule 280.4. 225 ILCS 425/8 can also create an unlicensed-collection defense that should be verified before relying on it.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=illinois","primarySources":[{"label":"Open-account limitations period","citation":"735 ILCS 5/13-205","sourceName":"Illinois General Assembly","url":null,"verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Debt-buyer complaint disclosures","citation":"Illinois Supreme Court Rule 280.2","sourceName":"Illinois Courts","url":"https://www.illinoiscourts.gov/Resources/4a602d48-5dac-4de3-b675-f864f1eb4dab/280.2.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Collection-agency licensing defense","citation":"225 ILCS 425/8","sourceName":"Illinois General Assembly","url":null,"verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Open-account limitations period","citation":"735 ILCS 5/13-205","sourceName":"Illinois General Assembly","url":null,"verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"Sued by LVNV Funding in Illinois? Here’s What to Do","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-illinois"},{"label":"Sued by Midland Credit Management in Illinois? Here’s What to Do","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-illinois"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates Is Suing Me in Illinois — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-illinois"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV Is Suing Me in Illinois — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-illinois"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-illinois"}]},{"state":"Indiana","stateSlug":"indiana","stateCode":"IN","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#indiana","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/indiana","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#indiana","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#indiana","proofRuleSummary":"The Debt Buyer Pleading Act requires prior-owner and transfer information, including bill-of-sale proof.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint itself for missing ownership, assignment, account, balance, or itemization facts.","debtBuyerRule":"IC 24-5-15.5 (Debt Buyer Pleading Act, effective 2020) requires debt buyer complaints to attach: (a) the original signed agreement or charge-off statement; (b) names of ALL prior owners with transfer dates; (c) a bill of sale evidencing transfer to plaintiff. Plus Indiana TR 9.2 requires an Affidavit of Debt for account-based claims. Rock Creek Capital LLC v. Tibbett, 231 N.E.3d 256 (Ind. Ct. App. 2024): debt buyers are \"debt collectors\" under FDCPA and \"suppliers\" under DCSA — counterclaim leverage available.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=indiana","primarySources":[{"label":"Account limitations period","citation":"Ind. Code § 34-11-2-9","sourceName":"Indiana General Assembly","url":"https://iga.in.gov/laws/2025/ic/titles/34#34-11-2-9","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Debt-buyer pleading act","citation":"Ind. Code Chapter 24-5-15.5","sourceName":"Indiana General Assembly","url":"https://iga.in.gov/laws/2025/ic/titles/24#24-5-15.5","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Account limitations period","citation":"Ind. Code § 34-11-2-9","sourceName":"Indiana General Assembly","url":"https://iga.in.gov/laws/2025/ic/titles/34#34-11-2-9","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"Sued by LVNV Funding in Indiana? Here’s What to Do","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-indiana"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management Is Suing Me in Indiana — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-indiana"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates Is Suing Me in Indiana — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-indiana"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-indiana"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-indiana"}]},{"state":"Iowa","stateSlug":"iowa","stateCode":"IA","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#iowa","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/iowa","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#iowa","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#iowa","proofRuleSummary":"Iowa debt-buyer cases should be checked for assignment chain, real-party-in-interest proof, original-creditor records, payment history, charge-off balance, itemization, and business-record foundation. Iowa Code Section 537.5114 can also matter because consumer-credit complaints should allege default facts, the amount owed, and how that amount was determined.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Iowa debt-buyer cases should be checked for assignment chain, real-party-in-interest proof, original-creditor records, payment history, charge-off balance, itemization, and business-record foundation. Iowa Code Section 537.5114 can also matter because consumer-credit complaints should allege default facts, the amount owed, and how that amount was determined.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=iowa","primarySources":[{"label":"District Court civil answer timing","citation":"Iowa R. Civ. P. 1.303","sourceName":"Iowa Legislature Court Rules","url":"https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/ACO/CourtRulesChapter/09-30-2020.1.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Limitations period and account accrual","citation":"Iowa Code Sections 614.1 and 614.7","sourceName":"Iowa Legislature","url":"https://www.legis.iowa.gov/DOCS/ACO/IC/LINC/Chapter.614.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Consumer-credit complaint and default proof","citation":"Iowa Code Section 537.5114","sourceName":"Iowa Legislature","url":"https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/2021/537.5114.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Small Claims Appearance and Answer","citation":"Iowa Small Claims Form 3.11","sourceName":"Iowa Legislature Court Rules","url":"https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/ACO/CR/LINC/01-30-2026.chapter.3.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Limitations period and account accrual","citation":"Iowa Code Sections 614.1 and 614.7","sourceName":"Iowa Legislature","url":"https://www.legis.iowa.gov/DOCS/ACO/IC/LINC/Chapter.614.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-iowa"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management / Midland Funding","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-iowa"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-iowa"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-iowa"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-iowa"}]},{"state":"Kentucky","stateSlug":"kentucky","stateCode":"KY","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#kentucky","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/kentucky","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#kentucky","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#kentucky","proofRuleSummary":"Kentucky's 5-year SOL on open accounts and credit cards (KRS § 413.120(1)) is shorter than most states. Combine with KRS § 413.320 borrowing for DE-issuer accounts (3 years), per Conway v. Portfolio Recovery Associates, 13 F. Supp. 3d 711 (E.D. Ky. 2014). The Kentucky Consumer Protection Act (KRS §§ 367.110-367.300; private right of action under § 367.220) is generally unavailable against third-party debt buyers due to privity-of-contract requirements applied by Kentucky federal and state courts, though limited exceptions may exist where the original creditor remains a party or the collector's conduct is independent of the underlying contract. The federal FDCPA (15 U.S.C. § 1692 et seq.) is the primary counterclaim vehicle in debt-buyer cases, with Stratton v. PRA, 770 F.3d 443 (6th Cir. 2014), and Currier v. First Resolution, 762 F.3d 529 (6th Cir. 2014), as the leading 6th Circuit authority.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Kentucky's 5-year SOL on open accounts and credit cards (KRS § 413.120(1)) is shorter than most states. Combine with KRS § 413.320 borrowing for DE-issuer accounts (3 years), per Conway v. Portfolio Recovery Associates, 13 F. Supp. 3d 711 (E.D. Ky. 2014). The Kentucky Consumer Protection Act (KRS §§ 367.110-367.300; private right of action under § 367.220) is generally unavailable against third-party debt buyers due to privity-of-contract requirements applied by Kentucky federal and state courts, though limited exceptions may exist where the original creditor remains a party or the collector's conduct is independent of the underlying contract. The federal FDCPA (15 U.S.C. § 1692 et seq.) is the primary counterclaim vehicle in debt-buyer cases, with Stratton v. PRA, 770 F.3d 443 (6th Cir. 2014), and Currier v. First Resolution, 762 F.3d 529 (6th Cir. 2014), as the leading 6th Circuit authority.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=kentucky","primarySources":[{"label":"Open-account limitations period","citation":"KRS § 413.120","sourceName":"Kentucky General Assembly","url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=53745","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Borrowing statute","citation":"KRS § 413.320","sourceName":"Kentucky General Assembly","url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=53768","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Open-account limitations period","citation":"KRS § 413.120","sourceName":"Kentucky General Assembly","url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=53745","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding Is Suing Me in Kentucky — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-kentucky"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management Is Suing Me in Kentucky — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-kentucky"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates Is Suing Me in Kentucky — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-kentucky"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-kentucky"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-kentucky"}]},{"state":"Louisiana","stateSlug":"louisiana","stateCode":"LA","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#louisiana","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/louisiana","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#louisiana","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#louisiana","proofRuleSummary":"Louisiana R.S. 9:3534.1 addresses collection agency / debt collector registration and assignment of debt to a collector. In this first release, use it conservatively as an authority-to-collect and assignment-proof discovery issue, not as an automatic dismissal claim or consumer counterclaim.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Louisiana R.S. 9:3534.1 addresses collection agency / debt collector registration and assignment of debt to a collector. In this first release, use it conservatively as an authority-to-collect and assignment-proof discovery issue, not as an automatic dismissal claim or consumer counterclaim.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=louisiana","primarySources":[{"label":"Ordinary civil answer timing","citation":"La. C.C.P. art. 1001(A)","sourceName":"Louisiana State Legislature","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=111105","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Time computation","citation":"La. C.C.P. art. 5059","sourceName":"Louisiana State Legislature","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=112147","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Justice of the Peace jurisdiction","citation":"La. C.C.P. art. 4911","sourceName":"Louisiana State Legislature","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=112118","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Justice of the Peace answer delay","citation":"La. C.C.P. art. 4920","sourceName":"Louisiana State Legislature","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=112127","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Justice of the Peace trial-date citation","citation":"La. C.C.P. art. 4921.1","sourceName":"Louisiana State Legislature","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/LawPrint.aspx?d=322002","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Open-account / money-lent prescription","citation":"La. Civ. Code art. 3494","sourceName":"Louisiana State Legislature","url":"https://legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=110518","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Personal-action prescription","citation":"La. Civ. Code art. 3499","sourceName":"Louisiana State Legislature","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=110525","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Interruption by acknowledgment","citation":"La. Civ. Code art. 3464","sourceName":"Louisiana State Legislature","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=110487","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Debt-collector registration / assignment authority","citation":"La. R.S. 9:3534.1","sourceName":"Louisiana State Legislature","url":"https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=408390","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Interrogatory response timing","citation":"La. C.C.P. art. 1458","sourceName":"Louisiana State Legislature","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=111231","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Document-request response timing","citation":"La. C.C.P. art. 1462","sourceName":"Louisiana State Legislature","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/LawPrint.aspx?d=111235","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Request-for-admission response timing","citation":"La. C.C.P. art. 1467","sourceName":"Louisiana State Legislature","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=111241","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Open-account / money-lent prescription","citation":"La. Civ. Code art. 3494","sourceName":"Louisiana State Legislature","url":"https://legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=110518","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-louisiana"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management / Midland Funding","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-louisiana"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-louisiana"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-louisiana"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-louisiana"}]},{"state":"Maryland","stateSlug":"maryland","stateCode":"MD","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#maryland","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/maryland","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#maryland","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#maryland","proofRuleSummary":"Maryland debt buyers face account-specific evidence requirements under CJP § 5-1203, affidavit-judgment scrutiny under Md. Rule 3-306, and collection-agency licensing pressure under Bus. Reg. § 7-101 et seq. Missing ownership, affidavit, or licensing proof can support defenses and MCDCA § 14-202 leverage.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Maryland debt buyers face account-specific evidence requirements under CJP § 5-1203, affidavit-judgment scrutiny under Md. Rule 3-306, and collection-agency licensing pressure under Bus. Reg. § 7-101 et seq. Missing ownership, affidavit, or licensing proof can support defenses and MCDCA § 14-202 leverage.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=maryland","primarySources":[{"label":"General civil limitations period","citation":"Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101","sourceName":"Maryland General Assembly","url":"https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gcj&section=5-101","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"District Court notice path","citation":"Md. Rule 3-307","sourceName":"Maryland Courts","url":"https://mdcourts.gov/sites/default/files/rules/order/ro214.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"District Court notice path","citation":"Md. Rule 3-307","sourceName":"Maryland Courts","url":"https://mdcourts.gov/sites/default/files/rules/order/ro214.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-maryland"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management / Midland Funding","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-maryland"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-maryland"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-maryland"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-maryland"}]},{"state":"Massachusetts","stateSlug":"massachusetts","stateCode":"MA","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#massachusetts","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/massachusetts","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#massachusetts","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#massachusetts","proofRuleSummary":"Debt buyers in Massachusetts still have to prove ownership of your specific account, the amount claimed, and the business-record foundation for the documents they rely on. In revolving-credit cases, Rule 8.1 and Rule 55.1 can also matter if required records are missing.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Debt buyers in Massachusetts still have to prove ownership of your specific account, the amount claimed, and the business-record foundation for the documents they rely on. In revolving-credit cases, Rule 8.1 and Rule 55.1 can also matter if required records are missing.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=massachusetts","primarySources":[{"label":"Contract limitations period","citation":"M.G.L. c. 260, § 2","sourceName":"Massachusetts Legislature","url":"https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIII/TitleV/Chapter260/Section2","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Civil answer timing","citation":"Mass. R. Civ. P. 12(a)","sourceName":"Mass.gov","url":"https://www.mass.gov/rules-of-civil-procedure/civil-procedure-rule-12-defenses-and-objections-when-and-how-presented-by-pleading-or-motion-motion-for-judgment-on-pleadings","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Contract limitations period","citation":"M.G.L. c. 260, § 2","sourceName":"Massachusetts Legislature","url":"https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIII/TitleV/Chapter260/Section2","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-massachusetts"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management / Midland Funding","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-massachusetts"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-massachusetts"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-massachusetts"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-massachusetts"}]},{"state":"Michigan","stateSlug":"michigan","stateCode":"MI","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#michigan","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/michigan","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#michigan","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#michigan","proofRuleSummary":"Assignment and real-party-in-interest issues can matter when a debt buyer sues on a purchased account.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Michigan requires assignees to plead the assignment in the body of the complaint under MCR 2.201(B), per Masterspark Co. v. Hickerson, 211 Mich. 411 (1920). Brownbark II LP v. Bay Area Floorcovering (2011) makes a generic block assignment without account-level identification insufficient. Plus MCL 600.8407(1): debt buyers (assignees) are barred from the Small Claims Division, so the case must be in District Court General Civil — a stronger discovery posture for defendants.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=michigan","primarySources":[{"label":"Contract limitations period","citation":"MCL § 600.5807","sourceName":"Michigan Legislature","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-600-5807","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Collection practices","citation":"MCL § 445.252","sourceName":"Michigan Legislature","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-445-252","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Collection practices","citation":"MCL § 445.252","sourceName":"Michigan Legislature","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-445-252","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding Is Suing Me in Michigan — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-michigan"},{"label":"Sued by Midland Credit Management in Michigan? Here’s What to Do","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-michigan"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates Is Suing Me in Michigan — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-michigan"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-michigan"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-michigan"}]},{"state":"Minnesota","stateSlug":"minnesota","stateCode":"MN","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#minnesota","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/minnesota","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#minnesota","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#minnesota","proofRuleSummary":"Minnesota collection plaintiffs may need a current collection-agency license under Minn. Stat. Ch. 332, and Minn. R. Civ. P. 5.04(a) can create a major issue when a case is served but not filed within 1 year. Treat both as verification steps, not automatic win promises.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Minnesota collection plaintiffs may need a current collection-agency license under Minn. Stat. Ch. 332, and Minn. R. Civ. P. 5.04(a) can create a major issue when a case is served but not filed within 1 year. Treat both as verification steps, not automatic win promises.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=minnesota","primarySources":[{"label":"Assigned consumer debt default-judgment proof","citation":"Minn. Stat. § 548.101","sourceName":"Minnesota Revisor of Statutes","url":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/548.101","verifiedAt":"2026-06-08"},{"label":"Contract limitations period","citation":"Minn. Stat. § 541.05","sourceName":"Minnesota Revisor of Statutes","url":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.05","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Consumer-debt revival rule","citation":"Minn. Stat. § 541.053","sourceName":"Minnesota Revisor of Statutes","url":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/541.053","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Assigned consumer debt default-judgment proof","citation":"Minn. Stat. § 548.101","sourceName":"Minnesota Revisor of Statutes","url":"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/548.101","verifiedAt":"2026-06-08"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"Sued by LVNV Funding in Minnesota? Here’s What to Do","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-minnesota"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management Is Suing Me in Minnesota — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-minnesota"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates Is Suing Me in Minnesota — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-minnesota"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-minnesota"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-minnesota"}]},{"state":"Missouri","stateSlug":"missouri","stateCode":"MO","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#missouri","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/missouri","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#missouri","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#missouri","proofRuleSummary":"Debt-buyer pleading rules can require assignment documents and the underlying contract.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint itself for missing ownership, assignment, account, balance, or itemization facts.","debtBuyerRule":"Missouri Supreme Court Rule 55.22 (effective January 1, 2018) requires debt-buyer complaints filed on or after that date to attach (or recite verbatim) BOTH the assignment(s) AND the underlying contract. Failure supports dismissal under Rule 55.22(d). Plus the Missouri Merchandising Practices Act (Mo. Rev. Stat. §§ 407.010-407.130) provides a fee-shifted counterclaim for deceptive collection — Jackson v. Barton (Mo. Supreme Court applies MMPA to debt collection practices).","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=missouri","primarySources":[{"label":"Open-account limitations period","citation":"Mo. Rev. Stat. § 516.120","sourceName":"Missouri Revisor of Statutes","url":"https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=516.120","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Merchandising Practices Act","citation":"Mo. Rev. Stat. Chapter 407","sourceName":"Missouri Revisor of Statutes","url":"https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneChapter.aspx?chapter=407","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Open-account limitations period","citation":"Mo. Rev. Stat. § 516.120","sourceName":"Missouri Revisor of Statutes","url":"https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=516.120","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding Is Suing Me in Missouri — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-missouri"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management Is Suing Me in Missouri — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-missouri"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates Is Suing Me in Missouri — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-missouri"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-missouri"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-missouri"}]},{"state":"Nevada","stateSlug":"nevada","stateCode":"NV","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#nevada","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/nevada","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#nevada","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#nevada","proofRuleSummary":"NRS 97A.165 applies to purchasers of credit-card debt. Use missing original-creditor, charge-off, sale/assignment, itemization, and default-proof information as pleading and proof issues, not as an automatic dismissal promise.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"NRS 97A.165 applies to purchasers of credit-card debt. Use missing original-creditor, charge-off, sale/assignment, itemization, and default-proof information as pleading and proof issues, not as an automatic dismissal promise.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=nevada","primarySources":[{"label":"District Court civil answer timing","citation":"NRCP 12(a)(1)","sourceName":"Nevada Rules of Civil Procedure","url":"https://www.leg.state.nv.us/CourtRules/NRCP.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Justice Court civil answer timing","citation":"JCRCP 12(a)(1)","sourceName":"Justice Court Rules of Civil Procedure","url":"https://www.leg.state.nv.us/CourtRules/JCRCP.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Small Claims rules","citation":"JCRCP Rules 88-100","sourceName":"Justice Court Rules of Civil Procedure","url":"https://www.leg.state.nv.us/CourtRules/JCRCP.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Limitations periods","citation":"NRS 11.190","sourceName":"Nevada Legislature","url":"https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-011.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Post-expiration non-revival","citation":"NRS 11.200","sourceName":"Nevada Legislature","url":"https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-011.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Credit-card debt purchaser proof","citation":"NRS 97A.160 and NRS 97A.165","sourceName":"Nevada Legislature","url":"https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-097A.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"Arbitration preservation","citation":"NRS 38.221","sourceName":"Nevada Legislature","url":"https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-038.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},{"label":"FDCPA analog / collection-practice flag","citation":"NRS 649.370","sourceName":"Nevada Legislature","url":"https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-649.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Small Claims rules","citation":"JCRCP Rules 88-100","sourceName":"Justice Court Rules of Civil Procedure","url":"https://www.leg.state.nv.us/CourtRules/JCRCP.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-05"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-nevada"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management / Midland Funding","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-nevada"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-nevada"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-nevada"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-nevada"}]},{"state":"New Jersey","stateSlug":"new-jersey","stateCode":"NJ","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#new-jersey","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/new-jersey","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#new-jersey","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#new-jersey","proofRuleSummary":"Special Civil Part rules require chain-of-assignment disclosures in consumer credit cases.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint itself for missing ownership, assignment, account, balance, or itemization facts.","debtBuyerRule":"R. 6:3-2(c) (assigned-claim pleading rule) requires the five-element disclosure plus a separate sworn affidavit. Missing any element is an affirmative defense. R. 6:6-3(a) applies the same affidavit requirement at default — plaintiff must produce the affidavit before the court can enter default judgment, even if the defendant never answers. WARNING — REVIVAL: New Jersey is a revival state under N.J.S.A. 2A:14-24; a single partial payment within the 6-year window restarts the clock (no signed writing required for the partial-payment trigger). CHOICE-OF-LAW: if the cardholder agreement selects another state's law, that clause may shorten the applicable SOL — review the agreement or original complaint exhibits. NJCFA: contested as applied to third-party debt collection per Williams-Hopkins v. LVNV Funding Corp. (N.J. App. Div. 2023, aff'd 2025); the federal FDCPA (15 U.S.C. § 1692e/f/k) is the primary counterclaim remedy in NJ debt-buyer cases.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=new-jersey","primarySources":[],"citedSource":null,"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding Is Suing Me in New Jersey — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-new-jersey"},{"label":"Midland Funding Is Suing Me in New Jersey — Here's What the Law Actually Says","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-new-jersey"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates Is Suing Me in New Jersey — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-new-jersey"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-new-jersey"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-new-jersey"}]},{"state":"New York","stateSlug":"new-york","stateCode":"NY","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#new-york","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/new-york","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#new-york","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#new-york","proofRuleSummary":"Consumer Credit Fairness Act pleading rules require ownership and account-level debt-buyer disclosures.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint itself for missing ownership, assignment, account, balance, or itemization facts.","debtBuyerRule":"New York's Consumer Credit Fairness Act (CPLR § 3016(j), effective May 7, 2022) requires consumer-credit complaints to plead specific elements on the face — original creditor, account identifier, default date, SOL non-expiration statement, full chain of title, and charge-off itemization — and to attach the signed contract or charge-off statement where required. Missing elements may support dismissal under CPLR § 3211(a)(3). Palisades Collection v. Kedik (4th Dep't 2009) is an important chain-of-title case to review.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=new-york","primarySources":[],"citedSource":null,"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"Sued by LVNV Funding in New York? Here’s What to Do","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-new-york"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management Is Suing Me in New York — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-new-york"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates Is Suing Me in New York — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-new-york"},{"label":"Sued by Cavalry SPV in New York? Here’s What to Do","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-new-york"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-new-york"}]},{"state":"North Carolina","stateSlug":"north-carolina","stateCode":"NC","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#north-carolina","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/north-carolina","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#north-carolina","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#north-carolina","proofRuleSummary":"NC has a unique 30-day pre-suit notice requirement for debt buyers under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 58-70-115(6). The notice must include the debt buyer's name/address/phone, original creditor name, original account number, a copy of the contract, and an itemized accounting. The COMPLAINT must allege the notice was sent and incorporate the documents. § 58-70-115 mandates dismissal upon debtor motion OR sua sponte where the complaint fails to comply. The Pounds v. PRA NC class settlement (2024 — 18,000+ class members, $5.75M settlement, ~$35M judgment debt cancelled) arose from PRA's documented practice of filing without § 58-70-115(6) compliance.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"NC has a unique 30-day pre-suit notice requirement for debt buyers under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 58-70-115(6). The notice must include the debt buyer's name/address/phone, original creditor name, original account number, a copy of the contract, and an itemized accounting. The COMPLAINT must allege the notice was sent and incorporate the documents. § 58-70-115 mandates dismissal upon debtor motion OR sua sponte where the complaint fails to comply. The Pounds v. PRA NC class settlement (2024 — 18,000+ class members, $5.75M settlement, ~$35M judgment debt cancelled) arose from PRA's documented practice of filing without § 58-70-115(6) compliance.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=north-carolina","primarySources":[],"citedSource":null,"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"Sued by LVNV Funding in North Carolina? Here’s Why Their Corporate Structure Matters.","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-north-carolina"},{"label":"Sued by Midland Funding in North Carolina? Here’s What Their SEC Filings Reveal.","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-funding-suing-me-north-carolina"},{"label":"Sued by Portfolio Recovery in North Carolina? Here’s What Happened to 18,000 Other People.","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-north-carolina"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-north-carolina"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-north-carolina"}]},{"state":"Ohio","stateSlug":"ohio","stateCode":"OH","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#ohio","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/ohio","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#ohio","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#ohio","proofRuleSummary":"Account and assignment documents can matter under Ohio pleading and assignment rules.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint itself for missing ownership, assignment, account, balance, or itemization facts.","debtBuyerRule":"Ohio Civ.R. 10(D)(1) requires the account itself to be attached to the complaint, and Asset Acceptance Corp. v. Proctor, 156 Ohio App.3d 60, 2004-Ohio-623 sets a four-element \"provable sum\" test that the attached account must satisfy. R.C. 1319.12(C) separately requires collection-agency plaintiffs to attach a written assignment specifying the effective date and consideration paid — a portfolio bill of sale alone is not enough.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=ohio","primarySources":[{"label":"Contract / account limitations period","citation":"Ohio Rev. Code § 2305.07","sourceName":"Ohio Laws","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-2305.07","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Consumer Sales Practices Act","citation":"Ohio Rev. Code Chapter 1345","sourceName":"Ohio Laws","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/chapter-1345","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Contract / account limitations period","citation":"Ohio Rev. Code § 2305.07","sourceName":"Ohio Laws","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-2305.07","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding Is Suing Me in Ohio — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-ohio"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management Is Suing Me in Ohio — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-ohio"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates Is Suing Me in Ohio — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-ohio"},{"label":"Sued by Cavalry SPV in Ohio? Here’s What to Do","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-ohio"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-ohio"}]},{"state":"Oklahoma","stateSlug":"oklahoma","stateCode":"OK","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#oklahoma","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/oklahoma","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#oklahoma","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#oklahoma","proofRuleSummary":"Oklahoma debt-buyer cases should be tested for assignment chain, real-party-in-interest proof, original-creditor records, payment history, charge-off balance, itemization, and business-record foundation. In Small Claims, 12 O.S. Section 1751(B) may provide grounds to challenge Small Claims jurisdiction or procedure and request dismissal or transfer when plaintiff appears to be a collection agency, agent, or assignee. No outcome should be assumed.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Oklahoma debt-buyer cases should be tested for assignment chain, real-party-in-interest proof, original-creditor records, payment history, charge-off balance, itemization, and business-record foundation. In Small Claims, 12 O.S. Section 1751(B) may provide grounds to challenge Small Claims jurisdiction or procedure and request dismissal or transfer when plaintiff appears to be a collection agency, agent, or assignee. No outcome should be assumed.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=oklahoma","primarySources":[{"label":"District Court answer timing and time computation","citation":"12 O.S. Sections 2006 and 2012(A)","sourceName":"Oklahoma Statutes, Title 12","url":"https://www.oklegislature.gov/OK_Statutes/CompleteTitles/os12.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-06-04"},{"label":"Contract limitations, revival, and foreign-claim timing","citation":"12 O.S. Sections 95, 101, and 105","sourceName":"Oklahoma Statutes, Title 12","url":"https://www.oklegislature.gov/OK_Statutes/CompleteTitles/os12.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-06-04"},{"label":"Small Claims cap, pleadings, and discovery limits","citation":"12 O.S. Sections 1751, 1758, and 1760","sourceName":"Oklahoma Statutes, Title 12","url":"https://www.oklegislature.gov/OK_Statutes/CompleteTitles/os12.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-06-04"},{"label":"Oklahoma Uniform Arbitration Act","citation":"12 O.S. Sections 1851 through 1881","sourceName":"Oklahoma Statutes, Title 12","url":"https://www.oklegislature.gov/OK_Statutes/CompleteTitles/os12.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-06-04"},{"label":"Oklahoma Consumer Protection Act debt-collection provisions","citation":"15 O.S. Sections 753 and 761.1","sourceName":"Oklahoma Statutes, Title 15","url":"https://www.oklegislature.gov/OK_Statutes/CompleteTitles/os15.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-06-04"},{"label":"Oklahoma UCCC notification / licensing review points","citation":"14A O.S. Sections 6-201 through 6-203 and 3-502","sourceName":"Oklahoma Statutes, Title 14A","url":"https://www.oklegislature.gov/OK_Statutes/CompleteTitles/os14A.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-06-04"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Contract limitations, revival, and foreign-claim timing","citation":"12 O.S. Sections 95, 101, and 105","sourceName":"Oklahoma Statutes, Title 12","url":"https://www.oklegislature.gov/OK_Statutes/CompleteTitles/os12.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-06-04"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-oklahoma"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management / Midland Funding","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-oklahoma"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-oklahoma"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-oklahoma"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-oklahoma"}]},{"state":"Oregon","stateSlug":"oregon","stateCode":"OR","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#oregon","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/oregon","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#oregon","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#oregon","proofRuleSummary":"Oregon debt buyers must comply with ORS 646A.670 and UTCR 5.180 debt-buyer disclosure requirements. The court may not enter judgment for a non-compliant debt buyer.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Oregon debt buyers must comply with ORS 646A.670 and UTCR 5.180 debt-buyer disclosure requirements. The court may not enter judgment for a non-compliant debt buyer.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=oregon","primarySources":[{"label":"Regular civil response timing","citation":"ORCP 7 C(2)","sourceName":"Oregon Legislature","url":"https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/Pages/ORCP.aspx","verifiedAt":"2026-06-02"},{"label":"Small Claims Defendant Response instructions","citation":"OJD SC-INSTR","sourceName":"Oregon Judicial Department","url":"https://www.courts.oregon.gov/forms/Documents/SC-INSTR.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-06-02"},{"label":"Debt-buyer pleading and judgment requirements","citation":"ORS 646A.670","sourceName":"Oregon Legislature","url":"https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors646a.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-02"},{"label":"Debt-buyer disclosure form","citation":"UTCR 5.180","sourceName":"Oregon Judicial Department","url":"https://www.courts.oregon.gov/forms/Documents/DebtBuyerDisclosure-Fillable.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-06-02"},{"label":"Contract limitations period","citation":"ORS 12.080","sourceName":"Oregon Legislature","url":"https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors012.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-02"},{"label":"Oregon Uniform Arbitration Act","citation":"ORS 36.600-36.740","sourceName":"Oregon Legislature","url":"https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors036.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-02"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Small Claims Defendant Response instructions","citation":"OJD SC-INSTR","sourceName":"Oregon Judicial Department","url":"https://www.courts.oregon.gov/forms/Documents/SC-INSTR.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-06-02"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-oregon"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management / Midland Funding","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-oregon"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-oregon"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-oregon"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-oregon"}]},{"state":"Pennsylvania","stateSlug":"pennsylvania","stateCode":"PA","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#pennsylvania","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/pennsylvania","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#pennsylvania","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#pennsylvania","proofRuleSummary":"Pennsylvania fact pleading can require specific ownership, balance, and assignment facts.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint itself for missing ownership, assignment, account, balance, or itemization facts.","debtBuyerRule":"Pennsylvania is a fact-pleading state — Pa.R.C.P. 1019 requires every essential fact pleaded with specificity. Bulk-assignment defects support dismissal under CACH, LLC v. Young, 97 A.3d 1261 (Pa. Super. 2014). PROCEDURAL TRAP: under Pa.R.C.P. 1029(b), a general denial of a specific averment is treated as an ADMISSION — never plead generally; always respond paragraph-by-paragraph.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=pennsylvania","primarySources":[{"label":"Written-contract limitations period","citation":"42 Pa.C.S. § 5525","sourceName":"Pennsylvania General Assembly","url":"https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/42/00.055.025.000..HTM","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Common Pleas answer timing","citation":"Pa.R.C.P. 1026","sourceName":"Pennsylvania Code","url":"https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pacode?file=/secure/pacode/data/231/chapter1000/s1026.html","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Written-contract limitations period","citation":"42 Pa.C.S. § 5525","sourceName":"Pennsylvania General Assembly","url":"https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/42/00.055.025.000..HTM","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding Is Suing Me in Pennsylvania — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-pennsylvania"},{"label":"Sued by Midland Funding in Pennsylvania? Here's What the Law Actually Says","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-pennsylvania"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates Is Suing Me in Pennsylvania — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-pennsylvania"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-pennsylvania"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-pennsylvania"}]},{"state":"South Carolina","stateSlug":"south-carolina","stateCode":"SC","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#south-carolina","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/south-carolina","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#south-carolina","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#south-carolina","proofRuleSummary":"South Carolina does not have a special debt-buyer pleading statute, but consumer credit plaintiffs must satisfy § 37-5-114 proof/default requirements and still prove account ownership, business records, amount, and account stated.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"South Carolina does not have a special debt-buyer pleading statute, but consumer credit plaintiffs must satisfy § 37-5-114 proof/default requirements and still prove account ownership, business records, amount, and account stated.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=south-carolina","primarySources":[],"citedSource":null,"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-south-carolina"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management / Midland Funding","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-south-carolina"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-south-carolina"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-south-carolina"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-south-carolina"}]},{"state":"Tennessee","stateSlug":"tennessee","stateCode":"TN","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#tennessee","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/tennessee","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#tennessee","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#tennessee","proofRuleSummary":"Tennessee debt-buyer cases should be tested for account-level assignment, original-creditor records, payment history, charge-off balance, amount itemization, sworn-account proof, and business-record foundation.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Tennessee debt-buyer cases should be tested for account-level assignment, original-creditor records, payment history, charge-off balance, amount itemization, sworn-account proof, and business-record foundation.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=tennessee","primarySources":[{"label":"General Sessions court overview","citation":"General Sessions Courts","sourceName":"Tennessee Administrative Office of the Courts","url":"https://tncourts.gov/courts/general-sessions-courts/about","verifiedAt":"2026-06-02"},{"label":"General Sessions civil forms / Sworn Denial","citation":"Sworn Denial on Account","sourceName":"Tennessee Administrative Office of the Courts","url":"https://tncourts.gov/node/1436225","verifiedAt":"2026-06-02"},{"label":"Court-approved form acceptance","citation":"Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 52","sourceName":"Tennessee Administrative Office of the Courts","url":"https://tncourts.gov/courts/supreme-court/rules/supreme-court-rules/rule-52-forms-approved-use-tennessee-courts","verifiedAt":"2026-06-02"},{"label":"Civil Procedure scope / General Sessions exception","citation":"Tenn. R. Civ. P. 1","sourceName":"Tennessee Administrative Office of the Courts","url":"https://www.tncourts.gov/courts/rules-civil-procedure/rules/rules-civil-procedure-rules/rule-1-scope-rules","verifiedAt":"2026-06-02"},{"label":"Circuit / Chancery answer timing","citation":"Tenn. R. Civ. P. 12.01","sourceName":"Tennessee Administrative Office of the Courts","url":"https://www.tncourts.gov/courts/supreme-court/rules/rules-civil-procedure","verifiedAt":"2026-06-02"},{"label":"Time computation","citation":"Tenn. R. Civ. P. 6.01","sourceName":"Tennessee Administrative Office of the Courts","url":"https://www.tncourts.gov/courts/rules-civil-procedure/rules/rules-civil-procedure-rules/rule-601-computation","verifiedAt":"2026-06-02"},{"label":"Contract limitations period","citation":"Tenn. Code Ann. Section 28-3-109","sourceName":"Tennessee Code Annotated","url":null,"verifiedAt":"2026-06-02"},{"label":"Judgment limitations period","citation":"Tenn. Code Ann. Section 28-3-110","sourceName":"Tennessee Code Annotated","url":null,"verifiedAt":"2026-06-02"},{"label":"Sworn accounts","citation":"Tenn. Code Ann. Section 24-5-107","sourceName":"Tennessee Code Annotated","url":null,"verifiedAt":"2026-06-02"}],"citedSource":{"label":"General Sessions civil forms / Sworn Denial","citation":"Sworn Denial on Account","sourceName":"Tennessee Administrative Office of the Courts","url":"https://tncourts.gov/node/1436225","verifiedAt":"2026-06-02"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-tennessee"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management / Midland Funding","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-tennessee"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-tennessee"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-tennessee"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-tennessee"}]},{"state":"Texas","stateSlug":"texas","stateCode":"TX","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#texas","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/texas","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#texas","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#texas","proofRuleSummary":"Texas Finance Code § 392.307(d) can prevent a debt buyer from reviving a time-barred claim through later payment or activity. Tex. R. Civ. P. 508.2 also requires Justice Court debt-claim petitions to disclose the charge-off balance, post-charge-off interest itemization, and chain of assignment with dates and assignee names.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Texas Finance Code § 392.307(d) can prevent a debt buyer from reviving a time-barred claim through later payment or activity. Tex. R. Civ. P. 508.2 also requires Justice Court debt-claim petitions to disclose the charge-off balance, post-charge-off interest itemization, and chain of assignment with dates and assignee names.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=texas","primarySources":[{"label":"Debt-claim petition requirements","citation":"Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 508.2","sourceName":"Supreme Court of Texas","url":"https://www.txcourts.gov/media/1454405/229031.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-06-08"},{"label":"Limitations period","citation":"Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16.004","sourceName":"Texas Constitution and Statutes","url":"https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/CP/htm/CP.16.htm#16.004","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Debt-buyer revival rule","citation":"Tex. Fin. Code § 392.307","sourceName":"Texas Constitution and Statutes","url":"https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/FI/htm/FI.392.htm#392.307","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Debt-claim petition requirements","citation":"Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 508.2","sourceName":"Supreme Court of Texas","url":"https://www.txcourts.gov/media/1454405/229031.pdf","verifiedAt":"2026-06-08"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"Sued by LVNV Funding in Texas? Here’s What to Do","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-texas"},{"label":"Midland Funding Is Suing Me in Texas — Here's What the Law Actually Says","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-texas"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates Is Suing Me in Texas — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-texas"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-texas"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-texas"}]},{"state":"Utah","stateSlug":"utah","stateCode":"UT","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#utah","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/utah","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#utah","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#utah","proofRuleSummary":"Debt-buyer cases should be tested for assignment chain, real-party-in-interest proof, original-creditor records, payment history, charge-off balance, itemization, and business-record foundation. Utah Small Claims has a special assignee restriction under Utah Code Section 78A-8-103.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Debt-buyer cases should be tested for assignment chain, real-party-in-interest proof, original-creditor records, payment history, charge-off balance, itemization, and business-record foundation. Utah Small Claims has a special assignee restriction under Utah Code Section 78A-8-103.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=utah","primarySources":[{"label":"District Court answer timing","citation":"Utah R. Civ. P. 12(a)(1)","sourceName":"Utah State Courts","url":"https://legacy.utcourts.gov/rules/view.php?rule=12&type=urcp","verifiedAt":"2026-06-04"},{"label":"Time computation","citation":"Utah R. Civ. P. 6(a)","sourceName":"Utah State Courts","url":"https://legacy.utcourts.gov/rules/view.php?rule=6&type=urcp","verifiedAt":"2026-06-04"},{"label":"Discovery disclosures","citation":"Utah R. Civ. P. 26(a)(2)","sourceName":"Utah State Courts","url":"https://legacy.utcourts.gov/rules/view.php?rule=26&type=urcp","verifiedAt":"2026-06-04"},{"label":"Small Claims ODR instructions","citation":"Utah Courts Small Claims","sourceName":"Utah State Courts","url":"https://www.utcourts.gov/en/self-help/case-categories/consumer/small-claims.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-04"},{"label":"Small Claims assignee restriction","citation":"Utah Code Section 78A-8-103","sourceName":"Utah Legislature","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title78A/Chapter8/78A-8-S103.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-04"},{"label":"Borrowing statute","citation":"Utah Code Section 78B-2-103","sourceName":"Utah Legislature","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title78B/Chapter2/78B-2-S103.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-04"},{"label":"Open-account limitations period","citation":"Utah Code Section 78B-2-307","sourceName":"Utah Legislature","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title78B/Chapter2/78B-2-S307.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-04"},{"label":"Written-credit limitations period","citation":"Utah Code Section 78B-2-309","sourceName":"Utah Legislature","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title78B/Chapter2/78B-2-S309.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-04"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Small Claims ODR instructions","citation":"Utah Courts Small Claims","sourceName":"Utah State Courts","url":"https://www.utcourts.gov/en/self-help/case-categories/consumer/small-claims.html","verifiedAt":"2026-06-04"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-utah"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management / Midland Funding","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-utah"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-utah"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-utah"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-utah"}]},{"state":"Virginia","stateSlug":"virginia","stateCode":"VA","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#virginia","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/virginia","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#virginia","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#virginia","proofRuleSummary":"Virginia debt buyers must prove an unbroken chain of title that SPECIFICALLY identifies your account, not a generic portfolio bill of sale — Green v. Portfolio Recovery Assocs., 909 S.E.2d (Va. Ct. App. en banc Dec. 17, 2024). Frame the attack as evidentiary sufficiency at trial, not pleading-stage standing. Va. Code § 8.01-380(D) is the killer move: once you file a counterclaim arising from the same transaction (FDCPA, etc.), the debt buyer CANNOT voluntarily dismiss and refile — the case is locked in.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Virginia debt buyers must prove an unbroken chain of title that SPECIFICALLY identifies your account, not a generic portfolio bill of sale — Green v. Portfolio Recovery Assocs., 909 S.E.2d (Va. Ct. App. en banc Dec. 17, 2024). Frame the attack as evidentiary sufficiency at trial, not pleading-stage standing. Va. Code § 8.01-380(D) is the killer move: once you file a counterclaim arising from the same transaction (FDCPA, etc.), the debt buyer CANNOT voluntarily dismiss and refile — the case is locked in.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=virginia","primarySources":[{"label":"Written-contract limitations period","citation":"Va. Code § 8.01-246","sourceName":"Virginia Law","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title8.01/chapter4/section8.01-246/","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Consumer Protection Act","citation":"Va. Code § 59.1-196 et seq.","sourceName":"Virginia Law","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title59.1/chapter17/","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Consumer Protection Act","citation":"Va. Code § 59.1-196 et seq.","sourceName":"Virginia Law","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title59.1/chapter17/","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding Is Suing Me in Virginia — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-virginia"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management Is Suing Me in Virginia — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-virginia"},{"label":"Sued by Portfolio Recovery Associates in Virginia? Here’s What to Do","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-virginia"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-virginia"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-virginia"}]},{"state":"Washington","stateSlug":"washington","stateCode":"WA","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#washington","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/washington","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#washington","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#washington","proofRuleSummary":"Washington debt buyers and collection agencies face detailed proof requirements under RCW 19.16.260, including licensing/bonding, complaint attachments, default-proof, business-record foundation, and assignment-chain issues.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint and plan for proof requests: assignments, account-level transfer data, original-creditor records, and balance itemization.","debtBuyerRule":"Washington debt buyers and collection agencies face detailed proof requirements under RCW 19.16.260, including licensing/bonding, complaint attachments, default-proof, business-record foundation, and assignment-chain issues.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=washington","primarySources":[{"label":"Written-contract limitations period","citation":"RCW § 4.16.040","sourceName":"Washington State Legislature","url":"https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=4.16.040","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"District Court civil answer rule","citation":"CRLJ 12","sourceName":"Washington Courts","url":"https://www.courts.wa.gov/court_rules/?fa=court_rules.display&group=clj&set=CRLJ&ruleid=cljcrlj12","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"District Court civil answer rule","citation":"CRLJ 12","sourceName":"Washington Courts","url":"https://www.courts.wa.gov/court_rules/?fa=court_rules.display&group=clj&set=CRLJ&ruleid=cljcrlj12","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"LVNV Funding LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-washington"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management / Midland Funding","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-washington"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-washington"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV I LLC","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-washington"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-washington"}]},{"state":"Wisconsin","stateSlug":"wisconsin","stateCode":"WI","canonicalPage":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-buyer-proof#wisconsin","stateGuide":"https://answeredlaw.com/sued-for-debt/wisconsin","deadlineHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/debt-lawsuit-deadlines#wisconsin","solHub":"https://answeredlaw.com/statute-of-limitations-on-debt#wisconsin","proofRuleSummary":"The Kohl rule and Wisconsin Consumer Act can require account-level assignment and itemization proof.","proofIssueSummary":"Check the complaint itself for missing ownership, assignment, account, balance, or itemization facts.","debtBuyerRule":"Wisconsin debt buyers may need to show account-level chain of title and itemize the debt under § 425.109(1)(h) (the Kohl rule). Missing assignment documents or itemization can support affirmative defenses and may support a WCA counterclaim depending on the facts.","uploadUrl":"https://answeredlaw.com/cases/new?utm_source=answer_packet&utm_medium=debt_buyer_proof_state_answer_packet&state=wisconsin","primarySources":[{"label":"Statute of limitations","citation":"Wis. Stat. § 893.43","sourceName":"Wisconsin Legislature","url":"https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/893/iv/43","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Small-claims answer timing","citation":"Wis. Stat. § 799.05","sourceName":"Wisconsin Legislature","url":"https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/799/05","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},{"label":"Debt-buyer pleading rule","citation":"Wis. Stat. § 425.109(1)(h)","sourceName":"Wisconsin Legislature","url":null,"verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"}],"citedSource":{"label":"Small-claims answer timing","citation":"Wis. Stat. § 799.05","sourceName":"Wisconsin Legislature","url":"https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/799/05","verifiedAt":"2026-05-31"},"priorityPlaintiffGuides":[{"label":"Sued by LVNV Funding in Wisconsin? Here’s What to Do","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/lvnv-funding-suing-me-wisconsin"},{"label":"Midland Credit Management Is Suing Me in Wisconsin — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/midland-credit-management-suing-me-wisconsin"},{"label":"Portfolio Recovery Associates Is Suing Me in Wisconsin — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/portfolio-recovery-associates-suing-me-wisconsin"},{"label":"Cavalry SPV Is Suing Me in Wisconsin — What Do I Do?","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/cavalry-spv-suing-me-wisconsin"},{"label":"Synchrony Bank","url":"https://answeredlaw.com/blog/synchrony-bank-suing-me-wisconsin"}]}]}